There are several good investigations into climate "controls" - the technology was observed in a number of wars in human history. Weather is often used to enhance attacks be it smoke effects or more direct adjustments of weather patterns. At least some of the redacted nuclear testing related to weather effects. As the science involved uses energies to influence global systems - it makes logical sense that military blue sky thinking would use energy weapons to create the effects in a non radio active way. The development in North America of a high energy weapon has many "climate" objectives publicly stated.
I expect with the levels of fear even at the potential of a nuclear conflict would tempt an irresponsible government - it is very hard to prove. Many entrepreneurs have been caught seeding clouds and it was widely reported that China cleared the skys for the Olympics. The science behind it is not challenging but the activity itself with our inefficient technologies is prohibitively expensive.
I expect with thought it would not be hard to manage the polar ice with some technology that mimics the ice, we should have looked after. Of course the cheapest option is to fill the atmosphere with particles that reflect - folk will notice the volcano or massive bombs used - bit of crap timing in that respect.
Salome.